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How Does Machine Espresso Work?

Machine espresso utilizes precise pressure and mind-blowing filter technology to create the delicious coffee we enjoy. What exactly is it?

To make an espresso, hot water is pushed under pressure through finely ground coffee. The process is similar to making drip coffee, but the difference is in the pressure.

The Head of the Group

The group head is the portafilter that you insert when brewing espresso. It disperses the water into the portafilter, and then controls the pressure of the extraction. There are numerous kinds of group heads each with distinct advantages and disadvantages. Some are focused on temperature stability, others on pre-infusion capabilities, and still others are designed to control the lever. Some are a combination, such as the E61. This is a popular choice among baristas due to the fact that it has multiple advantages in a single package.

As you can see in the picture above the group head has a number of notches. You place your portafilter in these notches, then turn the head around to secure it. A rubber gasket is located inside the notches to help create a seal when you insert your portafilter. The notches on the head allow for an exact position of the portafilter which is crucial to ensure an even extraction.

The group head does not just allow you to put in your portafilter easily but also maintains the temperature at a constant level. This is done by cycling hot water around the portafilter and through the brew basin, ensuring that the temperature is always at the right level for extraction. It is crucial to keep in mind that even a slight differences can make the distinction between a great and a great espresso.

The Pump

Contrary to manual piston machines that use a lever to pressurize water, rotating espresso maker barista machines rely upon motorized pumps to provide the nine atmospheric bars of pressure needed to extract espresso. This pressure builds up by drawing tap water from a reservoir and pumping it through a heat exchanger prior to being shot through the ground coffee inside the group head.

Pumps are typically more affordable and last longer than piston-driven machines. However, both types of machines can degrade due to overuse and poor cleaning. Pumps are also more complicated mechanically, which can increase prices of even simple models.

Some espresso machines use steam pressure instead of a pump to brew espresso. The disadvantage of this is that the boiler that produces steam also raises the temperature of the water to boiling, which can lead to over-extraction. The machines must also constantly rebuild their pressure between cups. This takes energy and time.

A majority of espresso machines use either a rotary or vibration pump, with a vibrating model that uses a vibrating disc to generate the pressure, and an rotary model that pushes hot water through the grounds under high speed. Both machines produce great espresso but rotary machines are more stable, quieter and less likely to break.

The Boiler

The boiler is the element which heats the water to the optimal temperature for extraction. The resulting steam is then transferred to the portafilter, which contains the ground espresso and is then pumped into the cup. During this process, steam creates pressure and pushes through the grounds of the coffee. This produces a layer of crema on top. This is one of the hallmarks of a good espresso.

There are three kinds of espresso makers. They differ in the type of pump they use and the degree of heat that the espresso is. There are also different ways in which the brew can be controlled and the size of the cup that the machine can produce.

The first espresso machines were steam types. The earliest espresso Coffee Machine home machines were steam-type machines. This led to the coffee tasting burnt and bitter. The modern espresso machine was created by the Milanese manufacturers Luigi Bezzerra & Desiderio Pavoni.

The most popular espresso machine is a semiautomatic with an electric pump. When people think of espresso machines, they think of these machines. Semi-automatic machines require you to grind and tamp your beans yourself however the pump controls the water flow and pressure. This is a great compromise between the human touch and the mechanized consistency.

The Filter

Espresso machines typically have filters that separate the coffee grounds from the hot water. The filter is also an essential element of the temperature control system as it prevents the machine from overheating.

A filter can also help with flavor as it allows for a longer flowering phase. This allows beans to release their nuances and gives an opportunity for a better extraction.

However, it is important to keep in mind that even a good filter can make a terrible cup of coffee as the quality of the beans and extraction is still crucial.

This is where the magic happens. It's what makes an espresso really taste good. The grouphead (also called the brewhead) is where you put the portafilter - the thingy used to place the grounds of your coffee into when making espresso.

Steam-driven espresso machine with milk frother machines espresso use hot water that is heated inside an airtight vessel to create steam. The steam then pushes hot water into the grounds of coffee under high pressure. They are less expensive and easier for the user to maintain than pumps-driven models. However, they are limited in their ability to produce the perfect brewing conditions since they operate at 1-1.5 bars of pressure. The perfect shot requires 9-10 bar.

In recent years, compressed air-pump-driven espresso machines have become more popular. They use an air compressor to push hot water across the ground and are more mobile than steam-driven electric espresso machines.